These pages represent more detailed discussions of ecological topics introduced at the Observation Points on the Nature Trail.

All the material has been reviewed for accuracy and synthesized by Dr. William Hamilton, Assistant Professor of Biology at Penn State New Kensington.  Any information contained in these pages may be freely used for academic purposes only. If you have questions or would like a bibliographic  source listing, contact Dr. Hamilton at (724)334-6717 or hw7@psu.edu.