HERSHEY, Pa. — Earlier this year, Karen Graham finally learned the name of the mysterious, rare disease that has been plaguing her son, Douglas, since he was born eight years ago.

Then, in early December, another disease came calling. It’s just as mysterious, but its name conjures nightmares the world over — COVID-19.

Douglas already suffers from Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, a genetic disorder that causes him to inflict harm upon himself. It has confined him to a wheelchair and robbed him of the ability to talk. There’s no cure.

When the pandemic struck, Karen worried. Douglas has a weak immune system, and chronic lung problems were part of the litany of symptoms he experienced as a baby.

When he started vomiting on Dec. 4, she prayed it was just a stomach bug, but got him tested anyway. Four days later, when she put him down to sleep, he stopped breathing. Karen called an ambulance, which took him to Chambersburg Hospital. That night, she received the phone call with the test result she already knew.

The next day, another ambulance took him to Hershey Medical Center, where doctors hooked him up to machines to help him breathe. Karen hasn’t left his side, sleeping on a couch in his room.

They joined a small, but tragic collective. While the popular narrative has it that the pandemic is primarily an old person’s disease, 49,179 children in Pennsylvania have contracted COVID-19. One-hundred-sixty-six have come through Hershey, from infants to 18-year-olds. And though the statistics may be less grim for children than adults, the tangents lead down dark corridors. Health care workers say eating disorders requiring inpatient stays have spiked among youngsters. Suicide attempts are skyrocketing among children. And a rare, potentially fatal illness doctors are still struggling to understand occurs almost exclusively in children and young adults who had COVID.

“The reality is, it’s affecting everyone,” said Jessica Masgay, a nurse manager in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Penn State Health doctors, therapists and nurses tasked with handling the crisis and its effects on children work hard to lift the spirits of both patients and families — all while grappling with their own emotional wear as the pandemic lumbers on into 2021.

Pediatric health experts at Penn State Children’s Hospital are uniquely equipped to help. Just down the hall, researchers from the region’s only academic medical center are part of the campaign to stop COVID. The Children’s Hospital is a national leader in quality, evidence-based care for children from birth through age 21.

On Tuesday, Dec. 15, Douglas was one of only three pediatric inpatients with COVID at the Children’s Hospital and was the only one in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The most pediatric COVID patients in residence at one time so far has been nine.

His negative-pressure room looks the same as the adults. Tightly sealed glass doors. Health care workers protected by face shields, masks, gowns and gloves, monitoring flashing banks of equipment and a hospital bed.

Only the patient is different. No long arms or legs spill over the sides of the bed. Instead, small appendages are capped with tiny fingers and toes.

As Respiratory Therapist Dale Carl and Registered Nurse Megan Davison worked over him, Douglas’ leg rocketed out of the blankets and pelted them with kicks. He flailed, so much so they had to secure his arms. They wrapped him in a vest and wrestled masks to his grimacing face. The outfit was hooked by hoses to a shuddering machine the size of a computer printer.

“It’s usually not like that,” Carl said, removing his personal protective equipment when he emerged a moment later.

They’re trying to rid Douglas of the mucus that caused problems with his breathing days ago. The vest emits puffs of air that shake Douglas’ body, loosening the materials in his chest. They also snaked catheters down his nose and throat all to break up the fluids most people can dislodge by coughing.

It’s a common treatment for both children and adult patients with comorbidities. The difference this time was that Douglas’ underlying illness makes him lash out sometimes. Nearly all the children who wind up in pediatric intensive care with COVID-19 have some underlying condition. Others contract COVID, but “don’t get hospital sick,” Davison said.

At least not at first. More than 1,200 children in the U.S. have developed another new illness after COVID, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome – Children (MIS-C). Organs including the heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, eyes, gastrointestinal organs and brain can become inflamed. The disease is serious, potentially fatal, and doctors still don’t know the cause — only that it’s linked somehow to the pandemic. Six children with MIS-C have been admitted to Hershey.

For other young people, COVID-19 takes a different kind of toll. The pandemic has tripled the number of child-related mental health crises, including suicide attempts, said Renae Epler, a nurse manager in pediatric acute care. At the same time Douglas was recovering in intensive care, Epler’s colleague, Registered Nurse Maggie Truett, was monitoring two pediatric COVID patients who had attempted suicide.

“People ask me if I’m seeing lots of cases of COVID and horrible symptoms,” she said. “'No,' I tell them, ‘I’m seeing awful mental health.’”

Eating disorders have become rampant, she said. Patients as young as 9 years old have come to Hershey suffering from anorexia or bulimia. The cause isn’t a physical symptom. It’s a side effect, part of a national crumbling of families and psyches brought on by isolation and quarantine.

Some of the children who arrive for mental health emergencies require inpatient care at a psychiatric institution. They can’t leave until they receive two negative tests for COVID. Their departures are further delayed by the lack of available space at such facilities around the state. Sometimes, they have to travel far from home for care or become stuck waiting for weeks and weeks.

The Children’s Hospital’s specialized array of services work overtime to make them comfortable, Truett said. Art therapists check in every day, offering creative outlets like drawing and cookie decorating. Music therapists stops by. An adolescent psychiatric team reaches out with Zoom.

“Nurses just hang out with them,” Truett said. They can’t always stand beside the bed of someone isolated in a negative-pressure room, but nurses call them on their bedside phones. The Child Life Program at Penn State Children’s Hospital jumps in as much as they can.

The isolating nature of the illness is an aberration for pediatric care professionals, said Amanda Kells, a nurse manager in the Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit. To safeguard against the spread of the illness, health care workers have had to limit the number of family members who are permitted to visit. In the non-COVID world, the best-case scenario for caring for a juvenile involved the entire family. Recently, Kells said, a set of twins who had been together every day since birth couldn’t be in the same room when one of them became ill.

“It goes against what pediatric nursing is,” Kells said. “The family is so much a part of what we do.”

The emotional toll has been a challenge, but as pediatric nurses help their families navigate through the pandemic, they’re banding together.

“I can’t say enough positive things about the way our teams have adapted to our new environments and their consistent dedication to our patients and families,” Masgay said.

And, as always, parents do what parents do.

After watching Douglas undergo his respiratory therapy, Karen knelt next to the bed and murmured to her son. When she touched his thrashing legs, they slowed and he laid still.

Doctors eventually removed tubes that had been helping Douglas breathe. “He’s doing better now,” she said over the phone from the couch in his room. A week later they went home.

The day Douglas left, an ambulance brought in Lily Valentin-Hower. The 9-month-old was born with a rare genetic mutation that causes her to have seizures. Three days before Christmas, something triggered one.

Doctors discovered it was COVID-19.

Her father, Dillion Hower, tested positive for the virus a few days before. Her mother, Juliely Judge, is awaiting her COVID-19 test results, but she’s sure she has it.

Juliely gave birth to Lily in March when the pandemic had just begun to peak.

Lily had her first seizure three weeks later. She’d stopped breathing. Her body had become stiff. An ambulance brought her to Hershey Medical Center. She had another seizure in June.

Juliely broke down. The possibility that the virus that seemed to be making half the planet ill might sicken her baby was like a nightmare.

“It’s terrifying,” she said from her daughter’s room at in the Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit the next day. “If anyone tells me COVID doesn’t have any effect on children, I will tell them firsthand — it does.”

Within a day, doctors cleared Lily to return home in time for Christmas.

But then the family was back in the hospital on Dec. 26. That day, COVID-19 caused Lily to have three more seizures.

She returned home again in early January and hasn’t had a seizure in a few days.

Juliely said she’s thankful for the care she received.

“I love Hershey Medical Center pediatrics,” she said. “Everyone here does everything they can to help.”